Resumo Espécies de besouros Scolytinae, em altas populações, podem danificar a madeira e reduzir a produtividade de cultivos florestais. Esses besouros são monitorados com armadilhas iscadas com etanol e o aumento da eficiência das mesmas pode melhorar o manejo integrado desses insetos. O objetivo foi avaliar o aumento da eficiência de captura de Scolytinae com armadilha modelo semifunil, em dois experimentos, um incluindo elementos de madeira e outro aumentando a área de interceptação de voo e correlacionar o número desses besouros coletados com fatores climáticos. No experimento 1, ripas de Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake foram fixadas, diretamente, no frasco coletor e em outro tratamento, além dessas ripas, fitas de Cedrela sp. foram inseridas no interior da mangueira porta isca. No experimento 2, a área de interceptação de insetos na armadilha, originalmente, com 480 cm2, foi ampliada para 1200 cm2 e comparada com a armadilha modelo Pet–Santa Maria com área de interceptação de 550 cm2. Coletas semanais foram realizadas entre maio de 2018 a junho de 2019. Os insetos capturados foram levados ao Laboratório de Biodeterioração da Madeira da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) onde foram triados, identificados em nível de família, contados e a abundância correlacionada com fatores climáticos. As análises estatísticas dos dados coletados foram processadas pelo programa BioStat® 5.3. No experimento 1 foram coletados 869 Scolytinae. Os números de besouros coletados por armadilha sem modificação, com ripas de E. urophylla e com ripas de E. urophylla + fita de Cedrela sp. foram semelhantes, 7,3 ± 3,8; 7,8 ± 6,2 e 7,7 ± 5,0 respectivamente. No experimento 2 foram coletados 4398 Scolytinae. O aumento da área de interceptação dos besouros aumentou a eficiência da armadilha semifunil, com 42,7 ± 20,5 Scolytinae coletados por armadilha comparado a semifunil original, 28,6 ± 12,6 e a Pet–Santa Maria, 20,4 ± 10,4. O número de Scolytinae não se correlacionou com os fatores climáticos no experimento 1 e se correlacionou com a temperatura, umidade relativa e velocidade do vento, mas não com a precipitação, no 2. A incorporação de ripas de E. urophylla ou fitas de Cedrela sp. na armadilha semifunil não aumentou o número de besouros coletados, mas, o aumento da área de intercepção de voo e a temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento se correlacionaram com o número de besouros coletados.

Abstract Scolytinae species that, in high populations, can damage reducing wood production in forest crops. These beetles are monitored with traps baited with ethanol and increasing their efficiency can improve the integrated management of these insects. The objective was to evaluate the increase in the capture efficiency of Scolytinae with a semi-funnel trap model, in two experiments, one including wooden elements and other increasing the flight interception area and to correlate the numbers of these beetles collected with climatic factors. In the experiment 1, Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake slats were directly attached to the collector flask and in another treatment, in addition to these slats, Cedrela sp. strips were inserted inside the bait holding hose. In the experiment 2, the insect interception area in the trap, originally 480 cm2, was expanded to 1,200 cm2 and compared with the model Pet–Santa Maria trap with an interception area of 550 cm2. Weekly collections were carried out between May 2018 and June 2019. The beetles collected were taken to the Wood Biodeterioration Laboratory of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) where they were sorted, identified at family level, counted and their number correlated with climatic factors. Statistical analyzes of the collected data were processed by the BioStat® 5.3 program. In the experiment 1 were collected 869 Scolytinae. The numbers of beetles collected per trap without modification, with E. urophylla slats and E. urophylla slats + Cedrela sp. strips were similar, 7.3 ± 3.8, 7.8 ± 6.2 and 7.7 ± 5.0 respectively. In the experiment 2 were collected 4,398 Scolytinae. Increasing the interception area of the beetles increased the efficiency of the semi-funnel trap, with 42.7 ± 20.5 Scolytinae collected compared to the original semi-funnel trap, 28.6 ± 12.6 and the Pet–Santa Maria, 20.4 ± 10.4, per trap. The number of Scolytinae did not correlate with climatic factors in the experiment 1 and it was correlated with temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, but not with precipitation, in the 2. The incorporation of E. urophylla slats or Cedrela sp. strips in the semi-funnel trap did not increase the number of beetles collected, but, the increase in the flight interception area and the temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were correlated with the number of beetles collected.

Abstract Introduction: starvation is usual in patients referred for endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). A high risk of refeeding syndrome (RS) may contribute to poor prognosis. Objectives: this study aims to: a) evaluate serum phosphorus and magnesium when patients underwent PEG; b) determine the mortality rate during the first week and first month of enteral nutrition; and c) assess if hypophosphatemia or hypomagnesemia are associated with early mortality. Material and methods: retrospective study with patients followed in the Artificial Nutrition Clinic and died under PEG feeding. General nutritional assessment included NRS 2002, anthropometry and serum proteins. Serum phosphorus and magnesium were measured immediately before gastrostomy. Survival was recorded and compared to electrolyte and nutritional status. Results: one hundred and ninety-seven patients (137 men/60 women) aged 26-100 years. Most underwent PEG due to neurologic disorders (60.9%) and were malnourished according to body mass index (BMI) and serum proteins. Low phosphorus and magnesium were found in 6.6% and 4.6%, respectively. Hypophosphatemia was associated with malnutrition (p < 0.05). Mean survival was 13.7 ± 15.4 months. Mortality was 4.6% in the first week and 13.2% in the first month post-gastrostomy. Overall survival was shorter in malnourished patients but malnutrition did not directly influence early mortality (p > 0.05). Hypophosphatemia was associated with mortality during the first week (p = 0.02) and the first month of PEG feeding (p = 0.02). Conclusions: hypophosphatemia was uncommon but predicted early mortality after PEG. Although RS may be less frequent than expected, hypophosphatemia may be used as a RS marker and RS is the probable cause of increase early mortality in hypophosphatemic PEG-fed patients.

Resumen Introducción: la inanición es habitual en pacientes referenciados para gastrostomía endoscópica (PEG). Un riesgo alto de síndrome de realimentación (SR) puede contribuir a un mal pronóstico. Objetivos: este estudio pretende: a) estudiar el fósforo y el magnesio séricos cuando los pacientes son sometidos a PEG; b) determinar la tasa de mortalidad durante la primera semana y el primer mes de nutrición entérica; y c) evaluar si la hipofosfatemia y la hipomagnesemia se asocian con una mortalidad temprana. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo con pacientes seguidos en la consulta de nutrición artificial y que fallecieron utilizando alimentación por PEG. La evaluación nutricional genérica ha incluido el NRS 2002, la antropometría y la determinación de las proteínas séricas. El fósforo y el magnesio séricos se han determinado inmediatamente antes de la gastrostomía. La sobrevida fue registrada y comparada con el perfil iónico y el estado nutricional de los pacientes. Resultados: el estudio se realizó en 197 pacientes (137 hombres/60 mujeres) de 26-100 años. La mayoría se sometieron a PEG por trastornos neurológicos (60,9%) y estaban desnutridos de acuerdo con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y las proteínas séricas. El fósforo y el magnesio séricos estaban bajos, con un 6,6% y un 4,6%, respectivamente. La hipofosfatemia se asoció con la desnutrición (p < 0,05). La sobrevida media fue de 13,7 ± 15,4 meses. Se ha registrado una mortalidad del 4,6% en la primera semana y del 13,2% en el primer mes después de la gastrostomía. La sobrevida general fue más corta en los pacientes desnutridos, pero la desnutrición no ha afectado directamente a la mortalidad temprana (p > 0,05). La hipofosfatemia se asoció con la mortalidad durante la primera semana (p = 0,02) y el primer mes de alimentación con PEG (p = 0,02). Conclusiones: la hipofosfatemia fue infrecuente, pero predijo una mortalidad temprana después del PEG. Aunque el SR es aparentemente menos frecuente de lo esperado, la hipofosfatemia puede ser utilizada como un marcador del SR y el SR es probablemente la causa de una mortalidad temprana en pacientes hipofosfatémicos alimentados con PEG.

Este trabalho é uma contribuição ao estudo da influência do molibdênio (Mo) na resistência à corrosão por pite de aços inoxidáveis em concreto contaminado por íons cloreto, após a sua carbonatação. Para o estudo, amostras de aços inoxidáveis ferrítico, austenítico e dúplex foram preparadas em laboratório com níveis controlados de Mo. Amostras desses aços foram imersas em soluções alcalinas simulando água de poros de concreto carbonatado e não carbonatado, ambas com adição de 3,5 % de NaCl. Outras amostras foram embutidas em concreto, posteriormente carbonatado e imerso em solução de NaCl. O desempenho dos aços foi verificado pela monitorização do potencial de corrosão (vários meses), seguido de ensaios eletroquímicos como de polarização anodica. Finalmente, os microscópios óptico e eletrônico foram usados para analisar as superfícies das armaduras atacadas pela corrosão.

This paper is a contribution to the understanding of the role of molybdenum (Mo) in the pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steels in concrete contaminated with chloride ions after its carbonation. For the study, samples of ferritic, austenitic and duplex stainless steels were produced in laboratory with controlled levels of molybdenum (Mo). Samples of theses steels were immersed in simulated carbonated and noncarbonated concrete pore solutions, both with the addition of 3.5 % of NaCl. Other samples were embedded in concrete that was later carbonated and immersed in NaCl solution. The performance of the steels in concrete was verified through corrosion potential monitoring (several months) followed by electrochemical experiments (anodic polarization). Finally, the optical and electronic microscopy techniques were used to analyze the corrosion attacked surfaces.

Objective: To assess the validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) by applying it to children and adolescents living in Salvador, Bahia. Methods: The validity of this FFQ with 98 food items was investigated among 108 children and adolescents who were selected from a sample of 1445 that had been planned for a study on the risk factors for asthma and other allergic diseases. The adults responsible for these children and adolescents gave responses for a 24-hour recall (R24h) and an FFQ. The average energy and nutrient values from the FFQ were compared with those from the R24h by means of the paired t test and Pearson correlation coefficients. The concordance was evaluated using the Bland-Altman method and kappa statistics. Results: The energy and nutrient intake estimated using the FFQ was significantly higher than what was obtained using the R24h. The correlation coefficients adjusted for energy were statistically significant for protein, fat, vitamin C and zinc. The weighted kappa values ranged from 0.06 for vitamin A (p = 0.24) to 0.34 for energy (p < 0.00). The results from the Bland-Altman plots for lipid, protein and zinc showed the most significant validity parameters, and zinc was found to show the best concordance. Conclusion: The results suggest that the FFQ showed satisfactory validity for use in studies involving children and adolescents.

Objetivo: Evaluar la validez de un cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos (QFA) aplicándolo a niños y adolescentes residentes en Salvador, Bahía. Métodos: Se investigó la validez de este QFA con 98 ítems de alimentos en 108 niños y adolescentes seleccionados a partir de una muestra de 1.445 planificados para un estudio sobre los factores de riesgo para asma y otras enfermedades alérgicas. Los adultos responsables de estos niños y adolescentes proporcionaron respuestas para un recuerdo de 24 horas (R24h) y el QFA. Los valores promedio de energía y nutrientes procedentes del QFA se compararon con los del R24h mediante una prueba t de student y los coeficientes de correlación de Pearson. La concordancia se evaluó usando el método de Bland-Altman y el estadístico kappa. Resultados: El consumo estimado de energía y nutrientes usando el QFA fue significativamente superior que el obtenido usando el R24h. Los coeficientes de correlación ajustados para la energía fueron estadísticamente significativos para proteínas, grasas, vitamina C y cinc. Los valores ponderados por kappa variaron desde 0,06 para la vitamina A (p = 0,24) hasta 0,34 para la energía (p < 0,00). Los resultados de las gráficas de Bland-Altman para los lípidos, proteínas y cinc mostraron los parámetros más significativos para la validez y se halló que el cinc tenía la mejor concordancia. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que el QFA mostró una validez satisfactoria para ser usado en estudios con niños y adolescentes.

The alternatives used for minimizing the usage of chlorine dioxide in bleaching sequences included a hot acid hydrolysis (Ahot) stage, the use of hot chlorine dioxide (Dhot) and ozone stages at medium consistency and high consistency (Zmc and Zhc), in addition to stages with atmospheric hydrogen peroxide (P) and pressurized hydrogen peroxide (PO). The results were interpreted based on the cost of the chemical products, bleaching process yields and on minimizing the environmental impact of the bleaching process. In spite of some process restrictions, high ISO brightness levels were kept around 90 % brightness. Additionally, the inclusion of stages like acid hydrolysis, pressurized peroxide and ozone in the bleaching sequences provided an increase in operating flexibility, aimed at reducing environmental impact (ECF Light). The Dhot(EOP)D(PO) sequence presented lower operating cost for ISO brightness above 92 %. However, this kind of sequence was not allowed for closing the wastewater circuit, even partially. For ISO brightness level around 91%, the AhotZhcDP sequence presented a lower operating cost than the others.

We report on the application of the Resistively Shunted Junction (RSJ) model to granular high T C superconductors. Some derived predictions of the RSJ model are applied to a set of superconducting granular samples which can be considered as a network of Josephson junctions. The investigated samples belong to both hole-doped Y1-xPr xBa2Cu3O7-delta (x = 0.0, 0.35, and 0.45) and the electron-doped Sm2-xCe xCuO4-delta (x = 0.18) systems which display the so-called double resistive superconducting transition. We have performed several transport measurements in these compounds including temperature and magnetic field dependence of the electrical resistance, R(T,H), and I-V characteristics. Several aspects of the I-V characteristics were quantitatively well described by the RSJ model. The combined results strongly suggest that dissipation in granular superconducting samples is a natural consequence of the normal current flowing in parallel with the supercurrent current.

We have measured transport properties at low temperatures for the granular Sm1.82Ce0.18CuO4-delta samples belonging to the family of electron-doped superconductors. The effect of applied electrical current on the resistive behavior is investigated. The experimental data are analyzed using a modified form of the theory for a field-tuned superconductor-insulator transition in 2D superconductors. The results suggest a possible electrical-current driven superconductor-insulator transition.

Vários métodos in vitro têm sido empregados para a investigação das atividades biológicas de plantas usadas na medicina popular para o tratamento de processos inflamatórios. Neste trabalho, investigou-se a influência dos extratos hidroetanólicos de Rauvolfia sellowii Muell. Arg, Hybanthus bigibbosus (St.-Hil) Hassler e Anchieta pyrifolia (Mart.) G. Don, conhecidas popularmente como pau-pra-tudo, canela-de-veado e cipó-suma, respectivamente, sobre a quimiotaxia de leucócitos humanos, estimulados a migrar contra um gradiente de caseína, utilizando-se o método de Boyden. A dexametasona foi utilizada como substância de referência da inibição da quimiotaxia leucocitária. Os resultados demonstraram efeito inibitório significativo de todos os extratos das plantas testadas, sobre a migração de polimorfonucleares, induzida por caseína. Entretanto, essa atividade variou de intensidade conforme a concentração e a espécie estudada. Efeitos máximos foram observados, nas concentrações de 1000, 10 e 1µg/ml com os extratos de pau-pra-tudo, canela-de-veado e cipó-suma, respectivamente, com migração de 81,6±3,9%; 85,4±2,4% e 91,7±2,2% dos polimorfonucleares, enquanto que, com a dexametasona, este efeito foi de 70,3±5,9%. Embora estudos mais aprofundados sejam necessários, os resultados apresentados podem servir como base preliminar de dados, contribuindo para esclarecer o mecanismo da atividade antiinflamatória atribuída às essas plantas na medicina caseira.

Several in vitro methods have been used for the investigation of the biological activities of plants used in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. In this study, we have investigated the ability of the hydroethanolic extracts from Rauvolfia sellowii Muell. Arg, Hybanthus bigibbosus (St.-Hil) Hassler, and Anchieta pyrifolia (Mart.) G. Don, locally known as pau-pra-tudo, canela-de-veado, and cipó-suma, respectively, in interfering with the human leukocytes migration induced by casein, using the Boyden chamber method. Dexamethasone has been used as a positive control for leukocyte inhibition in the same experimental approach. The data herein presented showed a significant inhibition of the casein-induced polymorphonuclear leukocytes migration for all plants studied. However, the intensity of such activity was variable according to the dose and plant tested. For pau-pra-tudo, canela-de-veado, and cipó-suma extracts the average number of migrated polymorphonuclear leukocytes was 81.6±3.9%, 85.4±2.4% and 91.7±2.2% of the input for the doses of 1000, 10, and 1mg/ml, respectively, while for dexamethasone, the value found was 70.3±5.9%. Although further studies are needed, the results presented in this study may be useful to clarify the anti-inflammatory properties of these herbal medicines, supporting their ethnobothanical use for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Eriobotrya japonica, Rosaceae, é uma espécie conhecida popularmente como nespereira, cujas folhas são empregadas na medicina tradicional como agente hipoglicemiante e no tratamento de doenças da pele. O presente trabalho objetivou caracterizar morfo-anatomicamente as folhas, a fim de fornecer subsídios farmacognósticos ao controle de qualidade da droga vegetal e taxonômicos à família. O material botânico foi fixado e submetido às técnicas usuais de microscopia ótica e eletrônica de varredura. As folhas são simples, alternas, lanceoladas, de limbo inteiro e margem denteada. A epiderme foliar é uniestratificada e revestida por cutícula espessada e levemente estriada. Tricomas tectores unicelulares longos são encontrados em ambas as faces, sendo numerosos na abaxial. A folha é hipoestomática, revelando estômatos anomocíticos. O mesofilo é dorsiventral e os feixes vasculares de pequeno porte são colaterais e podem apresentar extensão de bainha. A nervura principal possui formato biconvexo e o pecíolo circular, sendo ambos percorridos por feixes vasculares anficrivais. Foram observados idioblastos contendo cristais de oxalato de cálcio, mucilagem e compostos fenólicos.

The leaves of Eriobotrya japonica , Rosaceae, popularly known as loquat, are used in folk medicine for their hypoglycemic properties and to treat cutaneous diseases. The aim of this work was to study the leaf morpho-anatomy of the drug for pharmacognostic and taxonomic purposes. The botanical material was prepared for the usual optical and scanning microtechniques. The leaves are simple, alternate and lanceolate, with entire blade and dentate margins. The epidermis is uniseriate and coated by a thick and slightly striated cuticle. Both surfaces are hairy, particularly the lower, with long unicellular non-glandular trichomes. Anomocytic stomata occur exclusively on the lower surface. The mesophyll is dorsiventral and the small bundles are collateral and may present sheath extensions. The midrib has got biconvex shape and the petiole round contour, both showing amphicrival bundles. Idioblasts containing calcium oxalate crystals, mucilage and phenolic compounds were observed.

This work presents a study of structural and magnetic properties of the Ba2Cu3O4Cl2 (Ba2342) compound. Doped samples with K or Sr in the Ba site and Zn or Mg in the Cu site of the Ba2342 were prepared using a solid state diffusion method. They were characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and dc-magnetization. Samples with Ba2342 composition presented tetragonal structure of the I4/mmm space group when heat-treated at 750ºC. A structural transition was observed when the samples were doped with Zn or Mg or heat-treated at 700ºC. dc-Magnetization measurements performed in SQUID showed the existence of diamagnetic signal. A difference of the magnetic moments measured at zero field cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) procedures was observed suggesting the existence of localized superconductivity in this oxychloride system.

Se estudia la reducción simultánea de Al2O3-TiO2 en una celda electrolítica cerrada Hall-Heroult de laboratorio. Los parámetros analizados son la concentración inicial de óxido de titanio disuelto en el baño de criolita, la intensidad de corriente y el tiempo del proceso. Se observó que la cantidad de titanio metálico por unidad de tiempo es proporcional a la cantidad inicial de óxido de titanio disuelto en el baño de criolita. La eficiencia de corriente de la celda disminuye a medida que se incrementa el contenido de óxido de titanio disuelto en la criolita. Aparentemente, la disminución de la eficiencia de corriente de la celda se debe a que el titanio metálico disuelto en el baño electrolítico se reoxida con mayor facilidad que el aluminio. El fenómeno de reoxidación se manifiesta por la evolución de monóxido de carbono en los gases de la celda.

Simultaneous reduction of Al2O3-TiO2 in a closed-type laboratory Hall-Heroult cell is studied. The initial titanium oxide dissolved in cryolite melts, current density and time of the process are analyzed. The amount of metallic titanium produced increased with increasing the amount of titanium oxide dissolved in the cryolite melt initially. The current efficiency of the cell decreases with increasing the amount of titanium oxide dissolved in the cryolite melt initially. Apparently, the preferential reoxidation of the dissolved titanium in the electrolytic bath is affecting the current efficiency of the cell. The carbon monoxide present in the gases evolving from the cell is due to the reoxidation of titanium metal

OBJECTIVE - To assess the incidence of fatal pulmonary embolism (FPE), the accuracy of clinical diagnosis, and the profile of patients who suffered an FPE in a tertiary University Hospital. METHODS - Analysis of the records of 3,890 autopsies performed at the Department of General Pathology from January 1980 to December 1990. RESULTS - Among the 3,980 autopsies, 109 were cases of clinically suspected FPE; of these, 28 cases of FPE were confirmed. FPE accounted for 114 deaths, with clinical suspicion in 28 cases. The incidence of FPE was 2.86%. No difference in sex distribution was noted. Patients in the 6th decade of life were most affected. The following conditions were more commonly related to FPE: neoplasias (20%) and heart failure (18.5%). The conditions most commonly misdiagnosed as FPE were pulmonary edema (16%), pneumonia (15%) and myocardial infarction (10%). The clinical diagnosis of FPE showed a sensitivity of 25.6%, a specificity of 97.9%, and an accuracy of 95.6%. CONCLUSION - The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism made on clinical grounds still has considerable limitations.